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Category - Kids

Come Out and Play

COME OUT & PLAY | MARCH 2018

RING TAW Ring Taw, or marbles, is an ancient game that children have played for hundreds of years. Researchers think that ancient Romans played a similar game, though no one is sure of the exact rules. It was a tradition to give bags of nuts and marbles as a gift for the winter celebration Saturnalia, so the game of marbles was likely popular for Roman children. Children across Egypt and Europe also collected and played with marbles through the centuries. It is almost as if every group of children had its own set of rules. The game of marbles with the rules that we are most familiar with today dates to European in the 18th century. However, there are still many variations of the game. Here is how to play one version known as Ring Taw. This game is played in the National Marbles Tournament. Draw a circle on the ground a few feet across. Draw a second smaller circle in the middle of the first. There is no limit to the number of players, but each player should have at least six small, round marbles. It is helpful if the marbles are distinct, so it is easy to remember to whom they belong. Next, draw a line several feet away from the circle. This is called the taw line. The standard taw line is 6 feet away from the circle. The farther away the line is, the harder the game will be. Each player should put five marbles in the small inner circle. Players take turns shooting marbles from behind the taw line. The goal is to use a shooter marble to knock other marbles outside the large circle. The shooter must also end outside the circle. Players collect any marbles they knock out of the circle. If the shooter stays inside the circle, the player can continue with a different marble that he or she knocked out earlier as the new shooter. If a player has no more marbles to shoot, he or she is out of the game. The game ends when all the marbles have been knocked out of the circle. The winner is the person who has collected the most marbles at the end of the game.

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Where in the World

WHERE IN THE WORLD | MARCH 2018

Washington D.C.NASA HEADQUARTERS The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or NASA, headquarters is in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States of America. As Washington, D.C., is the capital, it is the center of many of the nation’s most important departments. Most of the scientists and engineers that work for NASA do not work in D.C. Instead, there are field centers and installations all over the United States where most of NASA’s experiments and construction take place. The headquarters plays a unique part in making NASA work. The headquarters provides the overall guidance and direction to the agency. Without this guidance, all the engineers and scientists across the nation wouldn’t know what projects to work on. Additionally, being close to Congress means that NASA directors can work closely with the government leaders who set the budget every year NASA was created in 1958. The population of Washington, D.C., is 672, 228. D.C. stands for District of Columbia, which is named after Christopher Columbus. The city is a federal district, which means it is not part of any state. It is made of land taken from Virginia and Maryland. The federal district is 68 square miles. D.C. has many important government buildings like the U.S. Capitol (where Congress meets), the White House, the Supreme Court Building and the Smithsonian Museums. D.C. was not the first capital of the United States. Philadelphia and New York City were once capitals. Washington, D.C., was formed in 1790 and is named after George Washington. The first president to live in the White House was John Adams. NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration. It was created by President Eisenhower. Space travel and technology were a symbol of power during the Cold War. America wanted to keep up with the Soviets, who were the first to launch a satellite into space. The D.C. flower is the American Beauty rose. The D.C. bird is the wood thrush. To learn more visit these sites kids.nationalgeographic.com www.nasa.gov www.nasa.gov/kidsclub

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Wildville

WILDVILLE | MARCH 2018

The Great Blue Heron The great blue heron is the largest and most common heron in North America. They are generally between three and four feet tall with a wingspan of six feet. Even though they are a large bird, they only weigh five or six pounds because they have hollow bones. Most birds have hollow bones, as this makes them to be light enough to fly. The great blue herons are named after the blue-grey feathers that cover most of their bodies. It stands out against their yellow bills and rust-red thighs. They also have a black streak that runs down their head. These unique and beautiful birds are not currently endangered, but their populations are threatened because wetlands are being developed. Great blue herons are adaptable. They live all over North America because they can survive almost anywhere there is a body of water. Common areas to find them are marshes, rivers, lakes, saltwater shores and ponds. They migrate during the winter and summer. In the winter, they migrate to Mexico and in the summer, they can be found in Canada. They eat salamanders, snakes, shrimp, crabs, crayfish, grasshoppers, dragon flies, small mammals and frogs. Herons hunt by standing still in the water. As its prey swims by, the heron quickly grabs it in its strong beak. Their unique necks let them strike prey that is at a distance. They hunt during the day and night. They nest in large groups called colonies. A popular nesting place is the Florida Everglades and Lake Okeechobee, which is also in Florida. The average blue heron nest has between three and six eggs. The oldest heron on record was 24 years and 6 months old. Herons are usually solitary when they are not nesting. In Florida, there is a white version of the bird called the great white heron. To learn more visit the sites www.allaboutbirds.org www.nhptv.org www.sms.si.edu

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Kidsville Connections

Kidsville Connections | March 2018

Can you imagine visiting another planet? Or even living on one? If it were possible, would you choose to do it? For many, space is a symbol of endless possibilities. Every year, scientists discover new planets with environments unlike anything they could have imagined. We know these distant bodies have the potential to revolutionize science and make many people rich. The biggest question is do they also have the potential to sustain human life? There are currently two big ideas about how humans could physically interact with space: space tourism and colonization. Space tourism is already a growing industry. There are companies that let regular people experience space for fun. The biggest problem with space tourism right now is that it is incredibly expensive. But for a price, people can pay to experience space-like conditions. One of the cheapest options is called a zero-gravity flight. It uses a Boeing 727, a large airplane, to simulate the zero-gravity experience of space. Tourists can flip and float for about 20 minutes, thanks to the freefalling airplane. It is like space, but tourists don’t leave the atmosphere. One of these experiences costs around $5,000 per person. A one-week stay in space is $20 million. For now, only the very wealthy can afford these trips, but that used to be the same for cars. The more popular space trips become, the cheaper the technologies will get and the more people will be able to experience space. Colonizing space is different than space tourism. It’s relatively easy to keep a human alive in space for a short period of time; it is much harder the longer they stay off planet Earth. Most of the plans for colonization are focused on Mars because it is our closest neighbor. One of the most popular ideas about how to colonize Mars involves 3D printing. Instead of making everything on Earth and launching it all to Mars, the idea is to send a printer and use materials on Mars to make whatever the astronauts and colonists need. It is a much cheaper option and allows the colonists the opportunity to change designs based on what they learn. It will still take decades of planning and hard work, though. To learn more visit these sites www.cnn.com www.nasa.gov www.space.com science.howstuffworks.com

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Kids

Letter From Truman | March 2018

Hi, Kids! We are talking about colonization this month. Hundreds of years ago, people left their homes and their loved ones to travel into the great unknown and explore what we now know as America. In the coming years, scientists expect we will have the technology that will make space colonization possible. You may be able to explore and live on Mars or other planets! “Connections” talks about space exploration and how it could shape our future. The Smithsonian Institution is home to many of the relics that are a part of our history, including items from early explorers and Native Americans. You can learn more about this in the “Cultural Connections” section. The great blue heron is a bird that thrives in most of North America. From marshes to rivers, lakes and ponds, this bird is not just big, it is beautiful, too. Read more about it in “Wildville.” Don’t forget to “spring forward” and turn your clocks ahead March 11.

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Around The World

Around The World

February 14 & 19 For many Americans, February means Valentine’s Day, and Valentine’s Day means giving cards and gifts and eating a lot of chocolate. Every year on Feb. 14, Americans spend billions of dollars on candy, cards, flowers and other gifts to give to their loved ones, but the reason this tradition started is not certain. In Canada, another popular holiday in February is Family Day. It takes place on either the second or third Monday in the month, depending on where people live. The day was created to celebrate, “the importance of families and the family life to people and their communities.” The very first Family Day was held in Alberta in 1990. Slowly, other parts of Canada adopted the tradition. Historians think the Valentine’s Day tradition is a mix of Christian and ancient Roman traditions. One myth says that St. Valentine was a priest that married people secretly, even though it was made illegal by the Roman emperor Claudius II. The oldest known Valentine was written in 1415. Ancient Romans celebrated the pagan festival Lupercalia in the middle of February. 150 million Valentine’s Day cards are exchanged every year in the U.S. Valentine’s Day is celebrated in the U.S., UK, France, Mexico and Australia. Family Day is the second Monday in February for British Columbia. Alberta, Ontario and Saskatchewan celebrate it on the third Monday in February. During Family Day, all federal workers have the day off and schools are closed. Most people use this day to spend time with their families. Popular activities include visiting museums, spending time outdoors and crafting. Many businesses offer family discounts on this day. For most of Canada, Family Day is on the same day as National Heritage Day, so people often try to explore their family history on this day. Because the weather is so cold in Canada in February, sharing hot chocolate is a popular Family Day tradition.

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What’s It Like To be

Whats It Like To Be

Algorithm Engineer Wild Weather Jobs: Algorithm Engineer Jamese Sims, Ph.D. If you look at a weather satellite up close, you can tell it’s a pretty complicated piece of hardware. What you can’t see are the hundreds of algorithms – math equations written in computer language – which allow the satellite to collect weather information, send it down to Earth and transform the information into products for weather forecasters. In her job as an algorithm engineer for NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Satellite Ground Services at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Jamese Sims understands the computer algorithms of the GOES-R series satellites inside and out. We recently spoke with her about her work, her career path and advice for others who might want to do similar work. Wondering about the weather Sims, who grew up in Mississippi, has been fascinated by the weather for many years. “I became interested in weather patterns as a child, trying to understand how the weather could be so hot in Mississippi, yet at the same time, extremely cold in Indiana where my uncle and aunts live,” she says. However, she didn’t know right away that she wanted to have a career in observing and understanding the weather. She entered college at Jackson State University as an accounting major, but eventually changed her major to meteorology because of her love for math and science. “My interest was in forecasting hurricanes using numerical weather prediction. I took advantage of NOAA internship opportunities while in college that allowed me to learn various computer languages and methods. During my first NOAA internship as an undergraduate scholar, I used a genetic algorithm to locate the Gulf Stream while working with scientists at the National Weather Service’s Environmental Modeling Center. The next summer, I studied historical hurricanes at the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic Meteorological Laboratory Hurricane Research Division in Miami,” Sims said. After college, she went on to earn a doctorate in atmospheric sciences from Howard University. During this time, she built up her skills in enhancing computer models to predict the location and intensity of tropical storms. She then went on to work as a NOAA/National Weather Service meteorologist for 12 years. Not just numbers Although many parts of Sims’s career involve computers, her job requires lots of people skills, too. “In my time at NOAA, in addition to numerical weather prediction, I also assisted managers in understanding the needs of their customers and helped them to build partnerships,” she says. “My tasks vary from day to day,” said Sims, “but most of my job consists of overseeing and providing coordination between different offices and partners for GOES-R series Products, Systems, Development and Implementation, or PSDI. My goal is to ensure that GOES-R series satellite products are properly designed and will meet the needs of our customers.” The products that Sims supports will assist researchers and forecasters in understanding the information collected by GOES-R series satellites. When she’s not at work, Sims loves spending time outdoors, going to museums and hanging out with her family and friends. She is also very passionate about mentoring STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) students from underrepresented groups and helping them prepare for the workforce. Launch time “The absolute best part of my job was attending the GOES-16 launch. Everyone’s excitement and energy about the advancement of science that GOES-16 provides made every work day worth it and more important,” she says. “It is a great feeling to know that data and products from GOES-R series satellites will save lives by providing such a great amount of details about our beautiful planet Earth.” Tips on entering this field Sims says her advice to middle school and high school students is to fall in love with learning and exploring new ideas. “Take as many math, science and computer courses as you can; find a mentor in a field you’re interested in and do lots of activities outside of school to help you develop as a whole person,” she says. “Don’t ever be afraid to try and be great at something new or different!” This article reprinted with permission from NOAA/NASA SciJinks website, scijinks.gov

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Space Place

NASA Space Place

There are many places on Earth where it snows, but did you know it snows on other worlds, too? Here are just a few of the places where you might find snow beyond Earth: Mars The north pole and south pole of Mars have ice caps that grow and shrink with the seasons. These ice caps are made mainly of water ice – the same kind of ice you’d find on Earth. However, the snow that falls there is made of carbon dioxide – the same ingredient used to make dry ice here on Earth. Carbon dioxide is in the Martian atmosphere and it freezes and falls to the surface of the planet as snow. In 2020, NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter took photos of the sand dunes around Mars’ north pole. The slopes of these dunes were covered with carbon dioxide snow and ice. There are dozens of moons that orbit Jupiter and one of them, called Io, has snowflakes made out of sulfur. In 2001, NASA’s Galileo spacecraft detected these sulfur snowflakes just above Io’s south pole. The sulfur shoots into space from a volcano on Io’s surface. In space, the sulfur quickly freezes to form snowflakes that fall back down to the surface. A Moon of Saturn: Enceladus Saturn’s moon, Enceladus, has geysers that shoot water vapor out into space. There, it freezes and falls back to the surface as snow. Some of the ice also escapes Enceladus to become part of Saturn’s rings. The water vapor comes from a heated ocean, which lies beneath the moon’s icy surface. (Jupiter’s moon Europa is also an icy world with a liquid ocean below the frozen surface.) All of this ice and snow make Enceladus one of the brightest objects in our solar system.

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Cultural Connections

Cultural Connections | February 2018

Newfoundland Uglystick The music in Newfoundland and Labrador has a strong connection to fishing. The first people to settle in the region – Irish, Scots, French and English were all fisherman. In addition to their families, they brought their traditional instruments and songs. Many men shared their songs while they worked and while relaxing in the pubs after work. Over the years, the traditions became unique to the area. The music is still strongly influenced by its European origins, but each harbor has its own unique style and songs. One of the most distinct musical traditions in the area is the ugly stick. It is a homemade musical instrument that is often accompanied by accordions and fiddles to create traditional Newfoundland folk music. They are not very difficult to make or play. With the supervision of a parent, you could make one, too. • The ugly stick is an instrument made of recycled household materials. • Each ugly stick is unique and is usually handmade by the musician. • Common items used to make ugly sticks are mops, brooms, bottle caps and tin cans. • Each ugly stick is unique. • To make one, a stick – like an old broom handle – is covered in something that will make noise when shaken, like bottle caps, washers, bells or tin cans. • With the help of a parent, you can use hot glue or a drill to attach strings or wires full of these noisemakers to the handle. • Something soft, like rope, is attached to the head of the stick to create a comfortable handle. • The other end of the stick is attached to the inside of an old rain boot. • The rain boot is then stuffed with newspapers. • The ugly stick player will then bounce the boot on the ground and hit the stick with a second stick to make music. • Additional decorations can be added to personalize the instrument. • Fiddles and accordions are expensive, but with an ugly stick, everyone can participate in making music with friends and family. The Scope MIM Down Home Life Heritage

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Kids

Come Out and Play | February 2018

Pitch and toss or pitching pennies is a relatively simple but ancient game. The oldest known version of the game was played by the ancient Greeks, who used bronze coins. Over the years, the game spread. Through the ages, people used different kinds of coins, but the main points of the game remain the same. In the 1960s, the game saw a sharp decline in popularity. This could be due to new forms of entertainment or the introduction of a smaller, lighter penny that was not wellsuited for pitching. Whatever the reason, pitching pennies is still a fun and simple way to pass the time with friends. There are three things necessary to start a game: a wall, players and coins. Players can use any coins, but all coins should be the same denomination. Every player should have at least one coin. Players should mark a specific spot some distance from the wall; this will be where players stand to toss the coins. Common distances are four or six feet. The further away from the wall the player stands, the more difficult the game is. Players then take turns tossing the coins at the wall. All throws must be underhand, and coins must touch the wall to count as a valid throw. The player whose coin lands closest to the wall wins the round. The winner then collects all the coins on the ground. Another version of the game starts the same. The first player throws a penny against the wall. The second player must then hit the first player’s penny to win. Players take turns throwing the first coin. A third version requires players to draw a box on the ground away from the wall. To win, players must then have their penny land in this box after hitting the wall. The smaller the box, the more difficult the game is. Because there are so many versions of the game, it is important that all players agree on the rules before the game starts. Please visit these sites to learn more skehana.galwaycommunityheritage Tossing Games Family Education

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