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Category - Kids

Cultural Connections

CULTURAL CONNECTIONS – FEBRUARY 2020

LIGHTNING Lightning is an incredible act of nature. It can be dangerous, but it can also be beautiful. Lightning is created in the dark clouds of thunderstorms. Inside these clouds, little bits of frozen rain rub against each other, and when they crash into each other it creates electrical charges. e electrons get separated. Positive charges go to top of the cloud and negative charges go to the bottom. ese opposites attract and energy builds until it creates the huge ash that we know as lightning. is ash happens in the blink of an eye, but some artists have learned how to capture the ways that the energy discharges to create art. Todd Johnson is an artist in America who captures lightning in acrylic. The images that he captures are called Lichtenberg Figures. These gures record how electrical discharge moves and branches. They are named a er the German physicist Georg Christoph Lichtenberg. Lichtenberg Figures are also called electron trees, beam trees and lightning trees. These can also appear on the skin of people who are struck by lightning or in the grass where lightning has struck. When they happen on skin, they are called lightning flowers. When sand is struck, a Lichtenberg Figure can be created when the sand turns to glass from the extreme heat. The artist Todd Johnson captures the beauty and raw power of lightning, but in a safe way. He takes cylinders of plastic and runs 5 million volts of electricity through them. He can direct the gures a little by covering some areas in lead. is blocks the electricity. A er the electricity is shot through the acrylic, he hits it with a sharp instrument. is causes the electricity to discharge and that process is what makes the incredible lightning patterns in the plastic. For more information visit the following sites: Lightening Art Captured Lightning Weather Lightning

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Conservation Corner

CONSERVATION CORNER – FEBRUARY 2020

Did You Know? Established in 1934, Great Smoky Mountains National Park is the busiest park in the United States, annually attracting approximately 10 million visitors. e park, which covers 800 square miles of mountainous terrain in both North Carolina and Tennessee, typically draws 60,000 visitors on a weekend day in the summer. Many of those visitors experience the park on a scenic highway that stretches for several hundred miles, and traffic may be bumper-to-bumper on especially busy summer days. But Great Smoky Mountains National Park is more than roadways, as it includes 800 miles of hiking trails that range from a half-mile to 70 miles long. Those who want a more isolated park visit may prefer to hit the hiking trails, which are not nearly as busy as the highway roads. More than 1,600 species of flowering plants bloom inside the park, which was designated an International Biosphere Reserve in 1976 and a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983.

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Kidsville Connections

KIDSVILLE CONNECTIONS – FEBRUARY 2020

Weather As much as we hate to admit it, weather plays an important role in our lives every day. On warm sunny days, it is fun to play outside. Cold, rainy days, though, aren’t as much fun when it comes to being outside. Deciding whether you will be able to play outside is one good reason to track weather, but there are plenty of other reasons, too. If you are planning to take a trip, host a big event like a birthday party or if you have a sporting event coming up, you will likely be interested in the weather forecast for that day. And if you are someone whose work depends on the weather, you can bet that knowing the latest forecast is important. Farmers, truck drivers, pilots, commercial shermen and many other professionals are influenced by weather. Things like temperature, wind direction, wind speed and precipitation are all factors that have to consider to get their work done. We have tools like radar and satellites that help predict and track weather, but there are other tools we can use, too. The temperature tells us how cold or hot it is outside. ere are several scales and units for measuring temperature (Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin). e tool used to measure temperature is called a thermometer. For weather-related things, knowing the temperature is important. What you would wear to go outside in 30 degrees Fahrenheit (a coat and hat and gloves) is very different from what you would wear to go outside in 90 degrees Fahrenheit (shorts and sandals). Wind direction and wind speed may not be something you think about as you head go to school in the morning, but if you are a pilot (or a passenger on an airplane) or a sailor, wind speed and direction are important to you! Some tools that people use to measure wind speed and direction are weather vanes, windsocks and anemometers. Precipitation is a weather component that affects us all. Rain, sleet, hail and snow are all types of precipitation. Not only does precipitation play a part in how we plan our day, it is also an important part of the water cycle. Rain gauges are used to measure precipitation. Measuring things like temperature and wind and precipitation may not sound very exciting, but it is important. Over time, these measurements help scientists understand weather patterns and how they affect our world.

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Come Out and Play

COME OUT AND PLAY – February 2020

How To Make The Best Snowman Like rain and sleet, snow is a kind of precipitation – one that can be a lot of fun! People have been playing with snow for centuries. In the Middles Ages, building with snow was seen as an art form. Even famous artists like Michelangelo, would spend hours using the snow to build complicated and beautiful sculptures. Making snow sculptures is still popular today, but perhaps the most popular type is the snowman. Some people still spend hours making extreme sculptures, but it doesn’t have to be complicated. Anyone can have fun in the snow and make a fantastic snowman. The best snow to build with is slightly wet. If the snow is too dry, you can spray a little misty water on it to help with building. Start by making snowballs and then roll them on the ground so they pick up snow and grow. Try to make the balls as round as possible. The largest ball should be the bottom of the snowman. Most snowmen are made of three balls. Pick a at place away from direct sunlight to build your snowman. The balls stack better if they are attened on the top and bottom. Adding more snow to where the di erent balls meet can help make it more stable. For even more stability, you can put a stick vertically through the center of the snowman. After the snowman is finished, spray it with water so the top layer will freeze and keep the snowman from melting. Pay attention to how much snow you have before you decide how big to make the snowman. It is fun to be creative when decorating your snowman. The traditional way includes using sticks for arms, a carrot for a nose and buttons for eyes, but a snowman can look like anything you want. For example, use food coloring and water to paint a smile or designs on the sculpture. Using different clothes like scarves and hats can also give the snowman a unique personality. Just make sure to get permission before using any clothes!

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Kids

AROUND THE WORLD – February 2020

Valentine’s Day, which is on Feb. 14, is named a er a Christian martyr from the fifth century, but this holiday has roots that go all the way back to Roman times and a holiday called Lupercalia. Lupercus is the equivalent of the Greek god Pan. Lupercus was the god of the shepherds. Every Feb. 15, Romans held a festival in his honor. They believed the festival would keep away evil spirits and bring health and fertility to the people. e festival o en included romantic activities. Today, we exchange cards, candy and flowers to show our loved ones that we care about them on this most romantic of days. President’s Day is the third Monday in February. It started in 1885 to honor President George Washington. For a long time, President’s Day was on Feb. 22, Washington’s actual birthday. In 1971, a piece of legislation called the Uniform Monday Holiday Act changed this. is act was an attempt to create more three-day weekends for the American people. Now, President’s Day is considered a day to honor all American presidents past and present.

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Kidsville Kitchen

KIDVILLE KITCHEN | MARCH 2018

Simple Vegetarian Dish Packed with Flavor Vegetarian dishes are often loaded with flavor, which might come as a surprise to those who do not adhere to vegetarian diets. In fact, many dishes that originated in India, a country known for its flavorful, spicy cuisine, are vegetarian dishes that are popular the world over among vegetarians and meat-eaters alike. For those who want to try something simple, flavorful and vegetarian, the following recipe for “Lentils with Spinach” from Monisha Bharadwaj’s “India’s Vegetarian Cooking” (Kyle Books) checks all the boxes and will no doubt surprise those who feel the most flavorful dishes are those with meat. LENTILS WITH SPINACH 3⁄4 cup yellow lentils (toor dal), washed 3 large handfuls spinach, chopped 2 tablespoons sunflower oil, divided 1 teaspoon coriander seeds 3 dried red chiles 1⁄4 cup freshly grated coconut 1 teaspoon tamarind concentrate, diluted in 1⁄4 cup water 1⁄2 teaspoon turmeric Salt, to taste 1 medium onion, sliced 1. Put the lentils and 1 1/2 cups of hot water into a saucepan and bring to a boil. Reduce the heat and simmer until the lentils are mushy, about 35 minutes. 2. In the meantime, place the spinach in a pot along with a little hot water and heat it for a couple of minutes. Add it to the lentils. 3. In a separate pan, heat half the oil and fry the coriander seeds until they turn dark, then add the chiles and coconut. Reduce the heat and stir for a couple of minutes. Remove from the heat, let it cool slightly, and then tip it into a blender along with the tamarind and a few tablespoons of water. Blend until you get a fine paste. 4. Add this to the lentils, along with the turmeric and the salt. 5. Heat the remaining oil in a small saucepan and fry the onions until golden, and then add them to the lentils. Reheat thoroughly and serve hot with rice.

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What’s It Like To be

WHAT’S IT LIKE TO BE | MARCH 2018

What’s It Like To Be… an Adventurer Please tell our readers a little bit about yourself. My name is Trish Sare. I’m the founder and owner of BikeHike Adventures in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. I started BikeHike 24 years ago after spending seven years living abroad. My life is about experiences, much more so than accumulating things. I am also passionate about animals, especially furry felines. What do you love most about traveling/adventuring? I love exploring new lands, meeting the local people and learning about their cultures. Adventure travel enriches one’s life and opens us up to how others in the world live. I also love to be active and challenge myself with new activities. Why is it important to travel and see and do new things? To gain an appreciation for other cultures and the world and experience how other people live in developing and developed countries. To never experience other lands besides home will make for a very insular and sheltered perspective of the world. There are so many different landscapes, cultures, religions, types of flora and fauna, languages, cuisines and political systems to be exposed to. International travel gives one a well-rounded worldview. What is something you wish everyone knew about traveling? In my opinion, it is one of the best educations that one can have in their lifetime. It is not learning from a book but experiencing firsthand. It is also a great opportunity to meet people. People tend to be much more open when they travel compared to when they are at home. Conversations flow much easier. Also, it’s easy to travel, especially today with the digital world offering so much information. Just always ensure to have your street smarts when traveling into foreign lands. If you could travel to another planet, would you? Right now, I don’t think that I would go to live on another planet. I find it rather intimidating to travel through space to get to another planet. It’s just a little too far from home and takes me out of my comfort zone too much. However, as we learn more about space travel and develop safer and speedier passages to get there, my views on this may change. One day I may look at space travel the same way (I view) traveling to another country.

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Conservation Corner

DID YOU KNOW | MARCH 2018

Did you know? The depletion of the ozone layer was once a hot topic, but this issue has largely fallen by the wayside in recent years. Even though the ozone layer might no longer be discussed on a daily basis, there is still widespread concern that it is deteriorating rapidly. To understand the implications, one must first know the purpose of the ozone layer. According to National Geographic, the ozone layer is a belt of gas that sits between 9.3 and 18.6 miles above the Earth. Its purpose is to shield the planet from harmful ultraviolet B radiation that is emitted by the sun. Due to the release of pollution containing the chemicals chlorine and bromine, as well as chlorofluorocarbons found in spray aerosols, the ozone layer is thinning and deteriorating in certain areas. This allows UVB radiation to reach the earth, contributing to higher rates of skin cancer and cataracts in humans. Exposure to UVB rays also may impact ecosystems. It is believed UVB radiation inhibits the production of phytoplankton that make up an important food source for marine animals. The good news is that measurements from satellites this year showed the hole in the earth’s ozone layer that forms over Antarctica each September was the smallest observed since 1988, according to scientists from NASA and NOAA. Reduction in environmental pollutants may be behind that development. However, scientists note warmer stratospheric temperatures also constrained the growth of the ozone hole.

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Space Place

SPACE PLACE | MARCH 2018

Sixty Years of Observing Our Earth Satellites are a part of our everyday life. We use global positioning system (GPS) satellites to help us find directions. Satellite television and telephones bring us entertainment, and they connect people all over the world. Weather satellites help us create forecasts, and if there’s a disaster — such as a hurricane or a large fire — they can help track what’s happening. Then, communication satellites can help us warn people in harm’s way. There are many different types of satellites. Some are smaller than a shoebox, while others are bigger than a school bus. In all, there are more than 1,000 satellites orbiting Earth. With that many always around, it can be easy to take them for granted. However, we haven’t always had these helpful eyes in the sky. The United States launched its first satellite on Jan. 31, 1958. It was called Explorer 1, and it weighed in at only about 30 pounds. This little satellite carried America’s first scientific instruments into space: temperature sensors, a microphone, radiation detectors and more. Explorer 1 sent back data for four months, but remained in orbit for more than 10 years. This small, relatively simple satellite kicked off the American space age. Now, just 60 years later, we depend on satellites every day. Through these satellites, scientists have learned all sorts of things about our planet. For example, we can now use satellites to measure the height of the land and sea with instruments called altimeters. Altimeters bounce a microwave or laser pulse off Earth and measure how long it takes to come back. Since the speed of light is known very accurately, scientists can use that measurement to calculate the height of a mountain, for example, or the changing levels of Earth’s seas. Satellites also help us to study Earth’s atmosphere. The atmosphere is made up of layers of gases that surround Earth. Before satellites, we had very little information about these layers. However, with satellites’ view from space, NASA scientists can study how the atmosphere’s layers interact with light. This tells us which gases are in the air and how much of each gas can be found in the atmosphere. Satellites also help us learn about the clouds and small particles in the atmosphere, too. When there’s an earthquake, we can use radar in satellites to figure out how much Earth has moved during a quake. In fact, satellites allow NASA scientists to observe all kinds of changes in Earth over months, years or even decades. Satellites have also allowed us—for the first time in civilization—to have pictures of our home planet from space. Earth is big, so to take a picture of the whole thing, you need to be far away. Apollo 17 astronauts took the first photo of the whole Earth in 1972. Today, we’re able to capture new pictures of our planet many times every day. Many satellites are buzzing around Earth, and each one plays an important part in how we understand our planet and live life here. These satellite explorers are possible because of what we learned from our first voyage into space with Explorer 1 — and the decades of hard work and scientific advances since then. To learn more about satellites, including where they go when they die, check out NASA Space Place: spaceplace.nasa.gov

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Kids

CULTURAL CONNECTIONS | MARCH 2018

The Smithsonian Institution The Smithsonian Institution is a museum and research complex. It is made up of 19 museums, nine research facilities and the National Zoo. It was established by and named after James Smithson. He was a British scientist. When he died, Smithson gave his wealth to the United States to create “an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge.” Congress debated over how this money should be used for 10 years, until 1846. No one is sure why the British scientist, who had never been to this country, left his money to America. However, with the fortune Smithson left, Congress created what became the largest museum complex in the world. Originally, the estate was valued at $500,000. Today that fortune would be worth $11 million. Eleven of the 19 Smithsonian Museums are located on the National Mall. The Smithsonian is nicknamed “The Nation’s Attic.” 6,300 people work for the Smithsonian. In 2015, more than 28 million people visited the Smithsonian Museums and the National Zoo. Admission to all Smithsonian museums in Washington, D.C., is free. Smithsonian facilities are in Washington, D.C.; New York; Virginia; and Florida. The National Zoo is home to 400 different species and 2,000 animals. The Smithsonian Library holds two million volumes. The archives have 156,830 cubic feet of archival material. Lincoln’s pocket watch is in the Smithsonian. Indiana Jones’ hat and jacket are on display there, too. The Smithsonian is nicknamed “The Nation’s Attic” because it stores so much information and valuable artifacts from America’s history. The museum has so many artifacts and specimens that there is not physically room for them all to be displayed. The Smithsonian stores and preserves around 154 million objects; 145 million are specimens and artifacts. The museums often rotate exhibits, but when items are not on display, they are either being researched or stored. Storing these objects is not always as easy as just packing them into a box. They need to be preserved for future generations, so the Smithsonian Museum Support Center was built. This is an off-site conservation facility. It has 12 miles of cabinets and holds 31 million objects.

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