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Category - Cultural Connections

Cultural Connections

Ragnar Axelsson

Born in Iceland in 1958, Ragnar Axelsson started his photography career at a young age. When he was 16, he started training in a photographer’s atelier (studio) and by the time he was 18, Axelsson was a staff photographer for the Icelandic newspaper Morgunblaðið. Axelsson’s photos focus mostly on the people of the Arctic region. He showcases the lives of hunters, fishermen and farmers in places like Northern Canada, Greenland, Siberia and Scandinavia. One of the reasons he is so diligent in recording the lives of the native peoples of the Arctic is because Axelsson believes that the traditional cultures and ways of life for the Arctic people are disappearing. Axelsson’s most famous works include Faces of the North, which is from 2004. This exhibit, which is also a book, takes a look at the lives of people who live in the remote northern regions of the world. The Last Days of the Arctic is from 2010. This work is more about climate change and how it affects the hunters in Greenland and Canada. His 2013 exhibit Behind the Mountains is a series of 100 photos that were taken over a 25-year period. It shines a spotlight on the local farmers and his relationship with them over time. One of the highlights of this exhibit is the focus on the farmers’ annual sheep round up in the Icelandic highlands.  

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Cultural Connections

Swan Lake

According to the dictionary, ballet is an artistic dance form performed to music using precise and highly formalized set steps and gestures. It is storytelling set to music! Just like our folktales of Paul Bunyon and Johnny Appleseed, other countries have their own folktales. In Russia there is a story called “The White Duck” that may very well be the inspiration for the ballet “Swan Lake.” This famous ballet was composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1875. Tchaikovsky is also known for his compostion of “Sleeping Beauty” and the Christmas favorite “The Nutcracker.” “Swan Lake” tells the story of Prince Siegfried who falls in love with Odette. Odette is under the spell of the evil sorcerer Von Rothbart. The spell turns Odette into a swan during the day. At night, Odette and the other enchanted swans turn back in to humans. The only way to break the spell is for someone who has never loved before to swear to love Odette forever. Now a very popular and well-loved ballet, “Swan Lake” was not well-received when it was first released at the Bolshoi Ballet in 1877. The music was considered difficult to dance to and the original choreography by German ballet master, Julius Reisinger, was uninspiring and unoriginal. A lot has changed since “Swan Lake” was first premiered. Now it is a ballet that is performed and loved around the world.

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Cultural Connections

Washington D.C.

Washington D.C. may be America’s capital but it was designed by a French man. It wasn’t always our nation’s capital either. In fact, there are nine other cities that bear that honor. In 1774, representatives from the 13 colonies met in Philadelphia for the First Continental Congress. Baltimore; Lancaster, Pennsylvania; York, Pennsylvania; and College Hall in Philadelphia were also places that Congress met to handle the country’s business. Congress convened in Princeton, New Jersey; Annapolis, Maryland; Trenton, New Jersey; and New York, as well. On July 16, 1790, Washington D.C. came into being when an act establishing the temporary and permanent seat of the Government of the United States, was signed into law. It was then President George Washington who chose its location and Pierre-Charles L’Enfant who designed the framework of the city. L’Enfant was born in France in 1754 and grew up to be an architect and an engineer. He came to America when he was 22 and served as an officer in the Corps of Engineers of the Continental Army. In 1790, Washington asked L’Enfant to survey the land that would become the seat of government and get back to him. L’Enfant arrived in March of 1791 and by August he had a plan, which he presented to Washington. The plan was approved but there were many disagreements about how to acquire the land and how big the lots of land should be. L’Enfant eventually resigned from the project. For more than 100 years, Washington D.C. remained a work in progress – very slow progress. So slow that cows could be found grazing on the mall (which was basically nothing more than a park) well into the 1800s. In 1901, the Senate formed the McMillan Commission, a team made up of architects and planners, to finish the job. They stuck with L’Enfant’s original framework to create the capital of the United States as it stands today.

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Cultural Connections

Alberto Giacometti

Alberto Giacometti is a famous Swiss artist who worked in several mediums. He is famous for his sculptures of human forms. They look a lot like stick people. He was born in Borgonovo, Switzerland on October 10, 1901. Giacometti’s dad was a painter and because of this Giacometti knew how to paint by the time he was 11. When he was 12, he sculpted a bust of his brother. Later, he went to Geneva, Switzerland, where he studied sculpture at the School of Arts and Crafts and took lessons in drawing at the School for Fine Arts. At the age of 20, Giacometti went to Italy for nine months. While he was there, he studied baroque, early Christian and Egyptian art. It was on this trip that he decided to become an artist. Living through both World War I and World War II, he changed with the world around him and so did his art. By 1955, Giacometti’s work was in the Guggenheim. In 1962, he won the grand prize for sculpture at the Venice Bieniale. Three years later, he won the French Government’s Grand Prix National des Arts. Giacometti died of heart and respiratory problems on January 11, 1966, in Switzerland. Here are some interesting facts about Alberto Giacometti: • He started his first studio with his brother in Paris in 1925. • He found inspiration in plastic art of primitive people. • As a Surrealist in the 1930s, he devised innovative sculptural forms, sometimes reminiscent of toys and games. (Surrealism uses visual imagery from the subconscious mind to create art without the intention of it being logical or easy to understand.) • In the second half of the 1930s, Giacometti worked a lot on studies of heads. His figures got smaller and smaller in size, sometimes being no larger than just a few centimeters, but painting was still an important means of artistic expression for him, too. • In the 1930s, Giacometti and his brother, Diego, earned a living by working for the Parisian interior architect Jean-Michel Frank. They made designs for lamps and furniture. • After World War II, he returned to Paris and started sculpting thin, elongated bronze figures. This is the sculpting style for which he is well known. • His face and some of his works appear on the 100 franc (Swiss currency.) Giacometti’s sculptures are quite distinctive. Because his style is unlike other famous sculptors, he has had a big impact on the art world. Other artists and art enthusiasts learned from the way he used the emptiness around an object to highlight the forms he created. His sculptures of the human form reduce the body to its essential elements, something no other artist had done before him. It had a big influence on the minimalist movement. Minimalist art is known for its simplicity in both form and content.

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Kids

Indian Dance

Dance is an important part of Indian culture, but just like the climates in the nation, there are many different styles of dancing. The first two large categories are classical dances and folk dances. Folk dances are often specific to different regions and are often celebratory. Folk dancing is popular at weddings and other important festivals. Folk dancing traces its roots to Indian classic dance, which is theatrical in nature. There are eight recognized forms of classical Indian dancing. • Bharatanatyam – This form originates from southern India from around 1,000 B.C. Inspired by sculptures from the temple of Chidambaram, it is most often performed by women. The movements in the dance represent religious stories. • Kathakali – This form comes from southwest India. It is usually performed only by boys and men. It is also a religious dance that tells stories from Ramayana and Shaiva tradition though specific movements. Dancers also wear large headdresses, huge skirts, long nails and painted masks. • Kathak – This dance originates from northern India and focuses on love. Performers, both men and women, wear bells on their ankles. It also originated from temples and was originally religious. One of the most important features is its complex footwork. • Manipuri – This dance form comes from northeastern India. Both males and females perform it, and the dances focus on the life of the god Krishna. The performers, especially women, are required to move very gracefully and fluidly. • Kuchipudi – This style comes from southeastern India. This style is religious and is structured like a ritual. Performers are required to both sing and dance and they often sprinkle holy water and burn incense as well. Traditionally, only men performed this dance, but women often do today. • Odissi – This one comes from eastern India and is often also referred to as Orissi. Odissi is one of the oldest of the classical dances. Performers, usually women, must learn to independently move their head, chest and pelvis. • Sattriya – This form was officially recognized as a classical dance in 2000. It traces its roots back to 1400 A.D. It was created by the Vaishnaa saint Sankaradeva and was practiced by monks in monasteries on the river island of Majuli. At first, only men were allowed to perform, but women are now welcome in the art form. • Mohiniyaattam – This is a dance for women that comes from Kerala in the 16th century. It focuses on graceful movements and is usually performed by just one woman at a time. The movements are often compared to ocean waves or swaying palm trees.

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Cultural Connections

Ingrid Bergman

Ingrid Bergman was born in 1915 in Stockholm, Sweden. She was an actress who became famous in the 1930s and ‘40s. She worked mostly in the film industry, but did some stage acting, too, including a role in the Broadway plays Joan of Lorraine and Liliom. Bergman is known for her work in films that include Casablanca, Spellbound and Anastasia. She was nominated for seven Academy Awards and received Academy Awards for her work in Gaslight, Anastasia and Murder on the Orient Express. Bergman was famous all over the world for her beauty and talent. She worked with many of the legends of her time, including Humphrey Bogart, Gary Cooper, Gregory Peck, Cary Grant and Alfred Hitchcock. Many of the movies she starred in are now considered classics. Bergman had a long career that spanned from the 1930s until her death in 1982.     Here are some more interesting facts about Ingrid Bergman: • Bergman was famous for her beauty. • Her mother died when Bergman was a toddler. • Her father ran a photography shop. • Her dad was very supportive of her creative endeavors. • She attended the Royal Dramatic Theater in Stockholm but left after a year to start her career. • Her first film was Monkbrogreven. It debuted in Sweden in 1935. • Her first academy award was for her work in the movie Gaslight. • She played a spy in the movie Notorious. It is considered one of her greatest performances. • Bergman was diagnosed with breast cancer in the late 1970s but continued to work. • In her lifetime, Bergman performed in more than 50 movies. • She was 67 when she died in London on Aug. 29, 1982.  

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Cultural Connections

Andy Warhol

Andy Warhol is one of America’s most talented and famous artists. He is most known for his unique and quirky style of paintings. When Warhol was eight, he caught a disease that forced him to spend a lot of time in bed. To help him pass the time, his mother taught him how to draw. Warhol quickly fell in love with the pastime; this was the beginning of his career as an artist. Warhol was already popular, but he really became famous when he revealed his idea of Pop Art in 1961. When Warhol was painting, art was a very serious thing that focused on themes like morals, mythology and religion. Warhol thought that art should be more fun. He also felt that artists could find inspiration and make beautiful and important works from everyday objects in life. Pop Art focuses on popular icons in a culture like movie stars, hamburgers or soda and depicts them in bright colors. Often, the paintings are several versions of one subject in different colors and textures. Pop Art was also different from the standards of the time because it often combined different media. A work could be a mix of painting, photography and other styles. • Pop art made people question what defines good art. • One of Warhol’s most famous works is pictures of brightly colored soup cans. • His painting of Elvis called “Eight Elvises” sold for $100 million in 2008. • His studio was called “The Factory.” • He also wrote books in the 1970s. • Warhol died at the age of 58 on February 22, 1987. • His original name was Andrew Warhola. • He worked for Glamour Magazine in the 1950s. • While working for the magazine, he became a very popular commercial artist, especially for the way he drew shoes. • He was born in 1928. • His parents were immigrants from Slovakia. • He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. • One of his very first famous paintings was of a soup can. • At the gallery opening, autographed soup cans were sold for $6 each. • He claimed that he ate this soup for most of the lunches of his life.

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Cultural Connections

Claude Debussy

Claude Debussy was born on Aug. 22, 1862, in France. He began his piano training at the age of 9, and was quickly recognized as an amazing player. He was educated at the Paris Conservatory and won a very large contest that let him also study in Italy. After his education, he returned to Paris and started composing the works that would make him famous. Debussy was most famous for his work in impressionist music. When he was attending school at the Paris Conservatory, he was known for his talent on the piano, but he was also known for making strange new music. He was inspired by the popular painting styles of the time: impressionism and symbolism. These styles focus on the change of light, bold colors and strokes, and instead of being realistic, the paintings are bold. Debussy took his music and followed the same principles. It was meant to express deep and bold emotions instead of creating a detailed picture. He also used a lot of contrasting sounds, like the painters used contrasting colors. • His parents were very poor, but he was supported by a rich Russian woman named Nadezhda Filaretovna von Meck at an early age. • He had a daughter named Claude-Emma. • He wrote a piano suite called “Children’s Corner” for her. • His style was drastically different from any other composer at the time. • He was known for talking to himself under the name Monsieur Croche. • He died of cancer on March 25, 1918. • He is buried in Passy Cemetery in Paris. • His music is often described as like being inside a dream and very light • He did not just compose for the piano, though that was his favorite. • Some of his most popular works are “Claire de Lune” (Moonlight) and the opera “Pelleas es Melisande.” • Some of his operas were inspired by Edgar Allen Poe’s stories. • Much of his work was also inspired by impressionist painters and poems. • He tried to show the spirit and essence of paintings and poems without telling specific stories.

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Cultural Connections

Cultural Connections – January 2015

Iraq is located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and includes land that is known as Mesopotamia, or the cradle of civilization. Some archaeologists believe this is where the biblical Garden of Eden was located. Mesopotamia was home to the first cobblestone streets and city buildings – even before ancient Greece, Egypt and the Roman Empire. Since this is where many archaeologists believe civilization began, it is full of archaeological artifacts and treasures. The Sumerians are thought to be the first group of people to make buildings other than barns and houses around 3500 B.C. Most of these buildings were made of mud-brick made from clay because there is not a lot of stone in the area. Early architects did not know how to make big hollow buildings that would stand up (like a sky scraper) so they built solid structures. Egyptian pyramids are an example of this, and so are the ziggurats that the Sumerians built. Ziggurat comes from the Assyrian word ziqquratu, which means high. Ziggurats are basically big mudbrick staircases that would take people to the top of a brick platform where there would be a small brick house. Each city would build its own ziggurat. The townspeople used them as temples for their gods. It was also a way to show how powerful the town was. The bigger the ziggurat, the more prestige the town had. The Sumerians knew how to build walls, too. They built walls around their towns using the same mudbricks as they did to build ziggurats to protect them from enemies. They also built palaces, but they didn’t look like the palaces we think of today. Sumerian palaces were built as a place for kings and their families to live, but also as a place to store wheat and cloth and even taxes that the king collected from his people. For more information visit: http://architecture.about.com/cs/countriescultures/a/iraq.htm, www.historyforkids.org/learn/westasia/architecture/sumerian.htm and www.crystalinks.com/sumerart.html.

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Kids

Cultural Connections – December 2014

Board games can be a lot of fun, especially on days when the weather is bad and it is too cold or wet to play outside. In fact, people have been playing board games since as far back as 2500 B.C., but they didn’t become popular until the 20th century. Did you know that board games can also be good for you? Many board games help our brains by helping us learn to detect patterns, plan ahead and learn from experience. Here are some other benefits to playing board games. • They help us learn to understand rules and practice following them. • Games require reasoning skills as well as social skills. • Board games can help you learn how to lose (and win) graciously. • Many games teach practical life lessons. • Games teach you to strategize and think logically. • Playing games is a fun way to bond with friends and family. • Board games are inexpensive and offer hours of entertainment. • Many board games help reinforce math skills and increase mental agility. • Games require the players to think ahead and plan. • Board games reinforce the concept of actions and consequences. • Games help you learn about teamwork. • Playing games is a great way to unplug from electronics and build relationships. So instead of watching a movie or playing video games, consider spending time playing board games. Not only is it good for you — it’s fun!

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