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Category - Cultural Connections

Cultural Connections

CULTURAL CONNECTIONS – FEBRUARY 2020

LIGHTNING Lightning is an incredible act of nature. It can be dangerous, but it can also be beautiful. Lightning is created in the dark clouds of thunderstorms. Inside these clouds, little bits of frozen rain rub against each other, and when they crash into each other it creates electrical charges. e electrons get separated. Positive charges go to top of the cloud and negative charges go to the bottom. ese opposites attract and energy builds until it creates the huge ash that we know as lightning. is ash happens in the blink of an eye, but some artists have learned how to capture the ways that the energy discharges to create art. Todd Johnson is an artist in America who captures lightning in acrylic. The images that he captures are called Lichtenberg Figures. These gures record how electrical discharge moves and branches. They are named a er the German physicist Georg Christoph Lichtenberg. Lichtenberg Figures are also called electron trees, beam trees and lightning trees. These can also appear on the skin of people who are struck by lightning or in the grass where lightning has struck. When they happen on skin, they are called lightning flowers. When sand is struck, a Lichtenberg Figure can be created when the sand turns to glass from the extreme heat. The artist Todd Johnson captures the beauty and raw power of lightning, but in a safe way. He takes cylinders of plastic and runs 5 million volts of electricity through them. He can direct the gures a little by covering some areas in lead. is blocks the electricity. A er the electricity is shot through the acrylic, he hits it with a sharp instrument. is causes the electricity to discharge and that process is what makes the incredible lightning patterns in the plastic. For more information visit the following sites: Lightening Art Captured Lightning Weather Lightning

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Cultural Connections

CULTURAL CONNECTIONS | MARCH 2018

The Smithsonian Institution The Smithsonian Institution is a museum and research complex. It is made up of 19 museums, nine research facilities and the National Zoo. It was established by and named after James Smithson. He was a British scientist. When he died, Smithson gave his wealth to the United States to create “an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge.” Congress debated over how this money should be used for 10 years, until 1846. No one is sure why the British scientist, who had never been to this country, left his money to America. However, with the fortune Smithson left, Congress created what became the largest museum complex in the world. Originally, the estate was valued at $500,000. Today that fortune would be worth $11 million. Eleven of the 19 Smithsonian Museums are located on the National Mall. The Smithsonian is nicknamed “The Nation’s Attic.” 6,300 people work for the Smithsonian. In 2015, more than 28 million people visited the Smithsonian Museums and the National Zoo. Admission to all Smithsonian museums in Washington, D.C., is free. Smithsonian facilities are in Washington, D.C.; New York; Virginia; and Florida. The National Zoo is home to 400 different species and 2,000 animals. The Smithsonian Library holds two million volumes. The archives have 156,830 cubic feet of archival material. Lincoln’s pocket watch is in the Smithsonian. Indiana Jones’ hat and jacket are on display there, too. The Smithsonian is nicknamed “The Nation’s Attic” because it stores so much information and valuable artifacts from America’s history. The museum has so many artifacts and specimens that there is not physically room for them all to be displayed. The Smithsonian stores and preserves around 154 million objects; 145 million are specimens and artifacts. The museums often rotate exhibits, but when items are not on display, they are either being researched or stored. Storing these objects is not always as easy as just packing them into a box. They need to be preserved for future generations, so the Smithsonian Museum Support Center was built. This is an off-site conservation facility. It has 12 miles of cabinets and holds 31 million objects.

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Cultural Connections

Cultural Connections | February 2018

Newfoundland Uglystick The music in Newfoundland and Labrador has a strong connection to fishing. The first people to settle in the region – Irish, Scots, French and English were all fisherman. In addition to their families, they brought their traditional instruments and songs. Many men shared their songs while they worked and while relaxing in the pubs after work. Over the years, the traditions became unique to the area. The music is still strongly influenced by its European origins, but each harbor has its own unique style and songs. One of the most distinct musical traditions in the area is the ugly stick. It is a homemade musical instrument that is often accompanied by accordions and fiddles to create traditional Newfoundland folk music. They are not very difficult to make or play. With the supervision of a parent, you could make one, too. • The ugly stick is an instrument made of recycled household materials. • Each ugly stick is unique and is usually handmade by the musician. • Common items used to make ugly sticks are mops, brooms, bottle caps and tin cans. • Each ugly stick is unique. • To make one, a stick – like an old broom handle – is covered in something that will make noise when shaken, like bottle caps, washers, bells or tin cans. • With the help of a parent, you can use hot glue or a drill to attach strings or wires full of these noisemakers to the handle. • Something soft, like rope, is attached to the head of the stick to create a comfortable handle. • The other end of the stick is attached to the inside of an old rain boot. • The rain boot is then stuffed with newspapers. • The ugly stick player will then bounce the boot on the ground and hit the stick with a second stick to make music. • Additional decorations can be added to personalize the instrument. • Fiddles and accordions are expensive, but with an ugly stick, everyone can participate in making music with friends and family. The Scope MIM Down Home Life Heritage

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Cultural Connections

Cultural Connections – January 2020

Ballroom dance started in Germany, and it is a term that refers to dances performed with partners. For centuries, it was a way for the wealthy and elite to socialize and have fun at gatherings called balls. e dances aren’t choreographed, instead, the two partners have to know the rules of the dance and communicate with each other while they dance together. Even though the tradition of ballroom dance is old, it is still a popular way to have fun. Dances are also useful for socializing and building relationships that can be helpful in everyday life, this is called networking. is is true today, but it was even more important hundreds of years ago. Balls and dancing were so important because the relationships between men and women were very controlled and strict. Dances let men and women interact and share a fun activity together. Now balls are a lot less common, but one very important kind of ball we still have is the Inaugural Ball. These are celebratory dances that happen every four years — a er a president is sworn into once. People dress in their nest clothes and gather to celebrate with the new president. • Even George Washington celebrated by dancing a er he was inaugurated as president. • It was not an official Inauguration Ball, but it helped to form the tradition. • George Washington danced the Minuet. • John Adams and Thomas Jefferson had smaller and more casual celebrations after they became president. • The first official inaugural ball was held for the fourth president, James Madison, and his wife Dolley Madison. • Tickets to go to the first inaugural ball cost $4. • Now prices have gone up to $12,500. • Martin Van Buren had two inaugural balls. • The tradition of celebrating after Inaugurations has continued to grow over the years. There are often many balls held across the nation. • Some even have special pavilions built for the event. • The record for most Inaugural balls attended is held by Bill Clinton. The record is 15. • Woodrow Wilson and Warren Harding canceled their balls to save money. • Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt held charity balls. For more information visit the following sites: History of Ballroom Dancing Ballroom Dance George Washington Attends Inaugural Ball

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Kids

Cultural Connections – January 2020

Ballroom dance started in Germany, and it is a term that refers to dances performed with partners. For centuries, it was a way for the wealthy and elite to socialize and have fun at gatherings called balls. e dances aren’t choreographed, instead, the two partners have to know the rules of the dance and communicate with each other while they dance together. Even though the tradition of ballroom dance is old, it is still a popular way to have fun. Dances are also useful for socializing and building relationships that can be helpful in everyday life, this is called networking. is is true today, but it was even more important hundreds of years ago. Balls and dancing were so important because the relationships between men and women were very controlled and strict. Dances let men and women interact and share a fun activity together. Now balls are a lot less common, but one very important kind of ball we still have is the Inaugural Ball. These are celebratory dances that happen every four years — a er a president is sworn into once. People dress in their nest clothes and gather to celebrate with the new president. • Even George Washington celebrated by dancing a er he was inaugurated as president. • It was not an official Inauguration Ball, but it helped to form the tradition. • George Washington danced the Minuet. • John Adams and Thomas Jefferson had smaller and more casual celebrations after they became president. • The first official inaugural ball was held for the fourth president, James Madison, and his wife Dolley Madison. • Tickets to go to the first inaugural ball cost $4. • Now prices have gone up to $12,500. • Martin Van Buren had two inaugural balls. • The tradition of celebrating after Inaugurations has continued to grow over the years. There are often many balls held across the nation. • Some even have special pavilions built for the event. • The record for most Inaugural balls attended is held by Bill Clinton. The record is 15. • Woodrow Wilson and Warren Harding canceled their balls to save money. • Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt held charity balls. For more information visit the following sites: History of Ballroom Dancing Ballroom Dance George Washington Attends Inaugural Ball

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Cultural Connections

Cultural Connections – December 2016

Folklore is traditional art, stories, knowledge and practices that are passed down through generations. O en these traditions are only passed down through oral communication, which is like when grandparents or parents share an old recipe, song or story. When things aren’t written down it is easy for them to get lost or forgotten, which is what makes paying attention to folklore so important. Here are some examples of folklore in the United States. A lot of times these were real people whose stories evolved over time. • Johnny Appleseed is remembered as a kind and generous man who brought apple trees to the Northeast and Midwest regions of the nation. • Davy Crockett is known as a brave and strong hero who tamed the wild frontier. • Paul Bunyan was a lumberjack with a big blue ox named Babe. His stories o en involve him racing against machines to see who could chop down the most trees. • e Lone Ranger is a hero in the Wild West who fought raiders and robbers to bring them to justice. • Molly Pitcher is remembered as a female hero in the Revolutionary War. She brought pitchers of water to wounded men on the battle eld to give them comfort. • Bigfoot or “Sasquatch” is supposed to be a human/ape-like creature that lives in the forests of the Paci c Northwest. • Champ is like the famous Loch Ness monster. It is a mysterious and giant creature that is supposed to live in Lake Champlain which is near the U.S. and Canadian border. Because it comes in so many di erent forms it can be di cult to recognize folklore. e most important thing is understanding that the memories, stories and traditions that people share are worth paying close attention to. If no one new learns these stories and retells them, they will eventually be gone forever. For more information visit the following sites: AFSNET.org NY Folklore

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Cultural Connections

Cultural Connections – November 2016

Art Rescued From The White House The War of 1812 was fought between the Americans and the British. It lasted from 1812 to 1815. In 1814, America waslosing the war. At the time, late August, President James Madison was not in Washington D.C. He had left to meet with his generals on the battlefield. His wife, Dolley, stayed in the White House and waited for him to return, even as the British were about to enter the city. On Aug. 22, Dolley decided to abandon the White House. She left all of her personal belongings and instead saved a full-length portrait of President George Washington. The next day, the British forces captured, looted and burned down the White House. Thanks to the first lady, the portrait was taken to New York, and saved from the British. It still hangs in the White House. The White House is full of culturally and historically important works of art. • The painting saved by the First Lady was called “George Washington” by Gilbert Stuart. • It is the most famous painting in the White House. • It is a full-length portrait of George Washington. • It was painted in 1797. • It is the only object that has been in the White House since 1800. • The frame of the portrait was screwed into the wall, so the first lady had the frame broken and she saved the canvas. • The painting is 95 x 60 inches. Although “George Washington” is the most famous and oldest painting in the White House, it is not the only important piece of artwork. The White House serves in some ways as a museum. There are many works from talented American artists. For example, there is “Bear Lake, New Mexico” by Georgia O’Keefe. She was the first American woman whose work was displayed in the public rooms in the White House. She was also awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977 for her lifetime of artistic achievements.

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Cultural Connections

Cultural Connections – Liberty Bell

The Liberty Bell is an important part of American history and represents a lot more than a bell. It is a symbol of liberty and freedom for the nation. The bell’s symbolic connection to liberty, equality and freedom was forged through several historical moments. The bell was ordered in 1751 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of William Penn’s 1701 Charter of Privileges. This was Pennsylvania’s original constitution, which was known for supporting rights and freedom. The first time that the bell rang it was to tell the citizens of Philadelphia that Colonel John Nixon was reading the Declaration of Independence for the public for the first time. Later, the bell was used by abolitionists as a symbol to end slavery. The bell first tolled on July 8, 1776. • The Whitechapel Foundry in England made the bell. • The bell arrived September 1, 1752. • It weighs 2,080 pounds. • It is made from a mixture of copper, tin and other metals. • The bell is 3 feet tall. • The crack is one-half inch wide and 24.5 inches long. • The bell is officially owned by the city of Philadelphia. • The note that the bell makes is an E flat. • The yoke is original to the Liberty bell and is made of American Elm30. The Liberty Bell is famous for its large crack. It first cracked the day it was hung on March 10, 1753, when the clapper hit the side of the bell. The bell was sent back to England for repairs. It made it back to Pennsylvania on March 29, 1753. This new bell didn’t crack, but when it rang to let the citizens of Philadelphia know about important events the people thought the sound was unpleasant. They sent the bell back to England. Eventually an entirely different bell was shipped to Pennsylvania. When British soldiers occupied the city in 1777, the bell was evacuated and hidden in a nearby church until it was brought back in 1787. The bell got the crack that it is famous for today when it tolled for George Washington’s birthday on February 22, 1846. For more information visit the following sites: http://www.softschools.com/facts/us_national_landmarks/liberty_bell_facts/493/ http://www.ushistory.org/libertybell/ http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/ushistory/libertybell.htm

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Cultural Connections

Driftwood

Sometimes, through storms or shipwrecks or even pollution, trees and other pieces of wood find their way into large bodies of water. The wood is tossed about by waves. The sun shines down on the water and bleaches the wood. Small aquatic animals sometimes make their homes in the wood. And often, these pieces of wood end up on the shorelines of beaches, lakes and rivers. It is called driftwood. In some places, driftwood is plentiful and in others, it is a rarity. Some people consider driftwood a nuisance and use it for firewood or toss it in the trash. Other people see beauty in these pieces of wood and use them to make art. Because each piece of driftwood is unique, the creative possibilities are endless. Some pieces of driftwood can be as big as a piece of furniture while others fit in the palm of your hand. Small pieces can be fastened together to make things like wreaths, sculptures, picture frames and more. Larger pieces are great for carving and painting and can even be used as small pieces of furniture. What creative things would you do with a piece of driftwood?

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Kids

Cultural Connections – August 2016

Traditionally, archeologists thought the Mayan civilization lasted from about 500 BC to 1200 AD, although recent finds suggest it may have started even earlier (around 3,000 BC). It’s a culture known for its love of numbers. They used numbers to count and to measure like we do, but they also used numbers to represent their gods and to predict the future. The Mayan number system is based on 19 numbers. The Maya also used a combination of glyphs, logograms and syllabograms in their writing. While we have 26 letters in our alphabet, the Mayans had around 500 logograms. These symbols represent entire words. Syllabograms represent syllables and the Mayan’s had about 150 of them. They also used 300 different glyphs (or pictures) and 100 or so of those represented the names of gods or the names of places. Here are some more cool facts about the Mayan writing system: • Depending on their mood and artistic whim, scribes would use different combinations of glyphs, syllabograms and logograms to represent something. They could use many symbols to represent the same thing. • Diego de Landa was the first bishop of Yucatan. He thought the Mayan’s used an alphabet like ours in their writing. He was wrong. • Bishop de Landa made what he thought was a key that would decipher the Mayan texts. It had 27 Mayan syllabograms that De Landa thought were the same as the Spanish letters that had similar sounds. • Even though de Landa’s key represented a bad assumption and was incomplete, it did help decipher some of the Mayan writings. Because no one could completely figure out the writing, many people assumed it was not a real writing system. • In the 1950s, Russian ethnologist Yuri Valentinovich Knorosov suggested that at least some of the script represented how words sound (phonetic). Most of the scientists at the time rejected his idea — but it turned out that he was right! Reading a Mayan script is nothing like reading Kidsville News! Mayan script is written in paired columns and read in a zigzag pattern. To learn more, check out this interesting video about Mayan writing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9LRbLXMzy You can find out more about Mayan scripts at http://www.omniglot.com/writing/mayan.htm http://www.ancientscripts.com/maya.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/maya/glyphs.html

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